Faith Nyasuguta
After a year of strained relations, Somalia and Ethiopia have agreed to restore diplomatic ties and strengthen economic and security cooperation. This agreement marks a turning point in their relationship, which has been marked by both collaboration and conflict.
The breakthrough came after a high-level meeting in Mogadishu between Somali President Hassan Sheikh Mohamud and Ethiopian Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed. Both leaders emphasized their commitment to regional stability, economic growth, and mutual respect.
Background of Tensions
Tensions between the two countries escalated due to Ethiopia’s maritime access agreement with Somaliland, a self-declared independent region of Somalia. The deal granted Ethiopia a 20-kilometer stretch of Somaliland’s coastline in exchange for recognition of Somaliland’s independence.
Somalia strongly opposed the agreement, seeing it as a violation of its sovereignty. The dispute led to diplomatic fallout, with Somalia accusing Ethiopia of interfering in its internal affairs. Ethiopia defended the deal as a strategic move to secure Red Sea access.
Beyond the Somaliland issue, disagreements over border security and counterterrorism strategies further strained relations. Both nations recognized that prolonged tensions could threaten regional stability, prompting efforts to mend ties.
The Ankara Declaration
In December 2024, Turkey mediated peace talks between Somalia and Ethiopia, resulting in the Ankara Declaration. The agreement aimed to restore relations and address territorial disputes. Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan played a key role in facilitating negotiations.
The declaration emphasized non-interference, mutual respect, and cooperation in economic and security matters. It laid the foundation for further dialogue, culminating in the recent high-level meeting in Mogadishu.
Key Agreements
During their discussions, President Mohamud and Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed agreed on several initiatives to strengthen bilateral ties:
1. Economic Cooperation – Both nations pledged to enhance trade and investment, focusing on infrastructure, agriculture, and energy projects.
2. Security Collaboration – Recognizing shared security threats, they committed to intelligence-sharing and joint counterterrorism efforts.
3. Cultural and Educational Exchanges – Plans were made for student exchange programs, cultural events, and academic collaborations.
4. Infrastructure Development – Both leaders discussed large-scale projects, including roads and railways, to boost trade and regional integration.
Future Prospects
The agreement is expected to promote stability and economic growth in the Horn of Africa. By working together, Somalia and Ethiopia can address common challenges while strengthening their regional influence.
The international community has welcomed this diplomatic progress. However, unresolved issues, such as Somaliland’s status,may require further negotiations. The long-term success of this agreement will depend on continued commitment and trust-building.
Somalia and Ethiopia’s renewed partnership signals a positive step toward regional stability. Their willingness to cooperate offers hope for a more peaceful and prosperous future in the Horn of Africa.
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