Faith Nyasuguta
The United States and the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) are in talks over a minerals-for-security agreement that could reshape both their relationship and global mineral supply chains.
Under the proposed deal, U.S companies would gain access to Congo’s critical minerals such as cobalt and lithium while Washington provides military support to counter the M23 rebellion and secure supply routes.
Congo, home to some of the world’s largest deposits of battery and energy-transition minerals, sees the deal as a chance to strengthen security and economic ties with the U.S and Europe. Facing ongoing instability due to the Rwanda-backed M23 rebels, the DRC seeks military assistance to stabilize its mining regions and curb illicit mineral smuggling.
The U.S in turn, is looking to secure strategic resources vital for its industries and reduce reliance on China, which currently dominates global mineral processing.
As part of the agreement, the U.S would help train and equip the Congolese Armed Forces, enhancing their capability to protect key mining areas and trade routes. Additionally, negotiations include a proposal for U.S firms to take operational control of the Banana Deep-Water Port, a vital mineral export hub. This would give American companies a stronger foothold in the region while ensuring minerals reach global markets without disruption.
The initiative aligns with the Trump administration’s broader strategy of securing critical resources amid rising competition with China. Washington has been pushing for more direct control over mineral supply chains, aiming to reduce China’s influence in Africa’s mining sector.
The potential deal with Congo reflects this shift, as the U.S seeks long-term partnerships to secure essential raw materials for electric vehicles, batteries, and clean energy technologies.
However, the agreement is not without controversy. Critics warn that handing over mineral operations to U.S. firms could undermine Congo’s sovereignty and deepen foreign corporate control over its resources. Some fear that while the deal may bring short-term security benefits, it could also entrench economic dependency and limit DRC’s ability to negotiate favorable terms in the future.
Negotiations gained momentum following a visit by Andre Wameso, deputy chief of staff to Congolese President Felix Tshisekedi, to Washington, D.C. His meetings with U.S officials focused on strengthening mining partnerships and securing military cooperation. The U.S. State Department has expressed openness to discussing critical mineral agreements, emphasizing alignment with the administration’s “America First” policy.
Supporters argue the deal could help stabilize the DRC, curb illicit mineral trade, and create a more transparent supply chain. However, concerns remain about the long-term consequences of increasing foreign involvement in Congo’s resource sector. As discussions progress, the agreement’s impact on regional security, economic sovereignty, and global mineral markets will be closely watched.
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