Faith Nyasuguta
The United States has declined to support a United Nations proposal to finance the African Union’s new peacekeeping mission in Somalia, known as the African Union Support and Stabilization Mission in Somalia (AUSSOM). This decision complicates efforts to stabilize the region amid ongoing threats from the militant group Al-Shabaab.
AUSSOM, which officially commenced operations on January 1, 2025, succeeded the African Union Transition Mission in Somalia (ATMIS). The mission aims to support Somali security forces in combating Al-Shabaab and facilitating the country’s stabilization. The UN Security Council authorized AUSSOM through Resolution 2767, permitting the deployment of up to 12,626 personnel, including 1,040 police officers, until June 30, 2025.
The financial framework for AUSSOM was expected to follow the hybrid model established by UN Resolution 2719, adopted in December 2023. This model allows for 75% of mission costs to be covered by UN-assessed contributions, with the remaining 25% funded by the African Union and other partners. However, the U.S. has expressed opposition to applying this framework to AUSSOM, citing concerns over long-term financial commitments and the mission’s operational readiness.
Senator Jim Risch, Chairman of the U.S. Senate Foreign Relations Committee, stated, “Resolution 2719 should not be used to fund AUSSOM as it would lock the U.S. into perpetual funding through its dues to the UN, which is a disservice to the American taxpayer.” The U.S. abstained from voting on Resolution 2767, reflecting its reservations about the mission’s funding structure.
The European Union, a significant contributor to previous peacekeeping efforts in Somalia, has advocated for equitable burden-sharing among international partners. Since 2004, the EU has invested nearly 3 billion Euros in Somalia’s peace and restoration initiatives. EU officials have urged the international community to support the hybrid funding model to ensure AUSSOM’s sustainability.
In response to funding uncertainties, the UN and AU have agreed to reduce AUSSOM’s budget by $124.9 million, bringing it down from the projected $190.2 million to $166.5 million. Cost-cutting measures include reducing peacekeeper salaries, eliminating insurance costs, and scaling back on flights and equipment.
Despite these adjustments, concerns remain about the mission’s effectiveness. AUSSOM faces challenges such as delayed troop stipends and difficulties in maintaining control over areas reclaimed from Al-Shabaab. The mission’s success is further complicated by regional tensions, particularly regarding Ethiopia’s role. Somalia has expressed reservations about Ethiopian troop involvement due to a maritime agreement between Ethiopia and the breakaway region of Somaliland.
The ongoing instability in Somalia has led to widespread humanitarian crises, with millions facing food insecurity and displacement. While Somalia plans to hold direct elections in 2025, the prevailing insecurity and political tensions may hinder the electoral process.
The UN Security Council is expected to revisit the funding issue this May 2025, assessing progress on implementing the hybrid financing model. Until then, the AU and UN must explore alternative funding strategies to prevent a security vacuum and ensure the continuity of peacekeeping efforts in Somalia.
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