Faith Nyasuguta
In the latest Gallup report, China surpassed the United States in leadership approval ratings across Africa, marking a significant shift in soft power dynamics. China’s approval ratings rose from 52% in 2022 to 58% in 2023, outpacing the U.S. by two points, as the U.S. saw a decline from 59% to 56% during the same period.
China’s remarkable performance in the Gallup report reflects its adept utilization of soft power diplomacy and robust economic engagement across the continent.
Notably, China recorded its highest leadership approval rating in Africa in a decade, with particularly substantial increases observed in West African nations such as Ghana, Cote d’Ivoire, and Senegal, where approval ratings soared by double-digit percentages, ranging from 10 to 15 points.
The Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) has played a pivotal role in deepening China’s footprint in Africa. Through extensive investments in infrastructure projects and bilateral trade agreements, China has solidified its position as Africa’s largest trading partner.
In 2023, bilateral trade between China and Africa reached a record $282.1 billion, highlighting the mutually beneficial nature of their economic ties.
Moreover, China’s diplomatic overtures and strategic partnerships with African governments have bolstered its influence on the continent. By forging alliances and offering support in areas such as infrastructure development, healthcare, and education, China has positioned itself as a key player in Africa’s socio-economic development.
While China’s ascent in Africa is noteworthy, the Gallup report also sheds light on the evolving perceptions of other global powers on the continent. The United States, despite experiencing declines in its overall approval ratings, saw notable increases in approval from certain African countries. However, challenges persist, as evidenced by sharp drops in approval ratings in countries like Uganda, Gambia, and Kenya.
Germany’s modest improvement in leadership image, reaching 54% approval, places it on par with the United States. Meanwhile, Russia, while maintaining its position as the least popular among the four global powers mentioned, witnessed a notable increase in median approval rating, rebounding to its 2021 level.
The implications of China’s rise in Africa extend beyond diplomatic and economic spheres, shaping the continent’s geopolitical dynamics and challenging traditional spheres of influence.
As China continues to expand its presence and deepen its engagements in Africa, it emphasises the need for nuanced approaches to diplomacy and strategic partnerships in the region. The Gallup report serves as a timely reminder of the evolving contours of global power dynamics and the shifting alliances in Africa.
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